Abstract Cutting tools are an important factor if high-speed machining is required. The development of cutting tool materials has created relatively good conditions for processing. In addition to high-speed steel and hard alloy, the development of ceramics, cermets and super-hard materials has played an important role. Special pottery...
Cutting tools are an important factor if high-speed machining is required. The development of cutting tool materials has created relatively good conditions for processing. In addition to high-speed steel and hard alloy, the development of ceramics, cermets and super-hard materials has played an important role. Special ceramics and super-hard materials provide strong support for the development of high-efficiency and high-speed machining.
It is worth mentioning that in 1955, GE Corporation of the United States succeeded in synthesizing superhard materials with high temperature and high pressure, which led to major changes in the field of cutting. On this basis, PCD and PCBN appeared very quickly, creating conditions for machining, dry cutting, hard cutting, and ultra-precision cutting.
In another aspect of cutting, the application of surface technology cutting tools, PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) is constantly evolving, from a single layer to a multilayer, a thousand layers, a composite coating, and now developed into nano Coating; coating material, from TiN to Al2O3, TiC, ZrO2, etc., according to processing requirements, in order to improve high temperature resistance, developed TiCN, TiAlN, TiSiN, CrSiN and so on. In order to reduce the friction, a soft coating such as MoS2 is deposited, and Molyglide is used by the German company Guehring. This coating is mainly MoS2, which can reduce the friction coefficient of cutting. Of course, this depends on the characteristics of the workpiece to be processed separately. Now the coating technology has developed into a super-hard coating (diamond-like, diamond, cubic boron nitride), which further broadens the range of machining. It is particularly worth mentioning that the film coating has developed into a thick film, which is different from natural diamond and is isotropic. It has been applied at home and abroad, partially replacing natural diamond. Nowadays, the synthesis technology of large particle single crystal diamond has been solved. These changes have a profound impact on China. China has the world's largest synthetic diamond production, which is conducive to the development of efficient processing technology in China.
In order to adapt to high-efficiency high-speed machining, auxiliary tools are also very important means, such as the original combined fixture machining heart application, in order to improve its strength, has developed from the groove system to the hole system. At present, the application of the typical EROWA3R combination tool has been developed from electrical processing to mechanical processing, which not only accelerates the rhythm, but also achieves high precision. These tools have evolved from the original mold electrical processing to the cutting processing field. The shank required for the shank cutting tool has also developed a new structure with high efficiency and high precision cutting process, such as hydraulic and plastic. Nowadays, the hot shank is widely used, and the clamping precision is obviously improved, reaching 2~3μm. The device is now mature. For example, ZOLLER in Germany has installed such a device directly on the tool setter, indicating that the technology has moved forward one step further. Tool advancements provide strong support for efficient machining.
